Potential energy hill as they move apart. Their attraction- in other words, for them to climb the The energy required to pull the water molecules from each other working against Water into steam at the same temperature is called the latent heat. ( Note: What about potential energy? For the ideal gas, potential energy terms between molecules are negligible, byįor dense gases, and are dominant during phase changes, such as when water Kinetic energy, it’s all 1 2 m v 2 with the appropriate masses. In this way: heat is just kinetic energy of molecules, and total energy isĪlways conserved, but now instead of having a separate category for heatĮnergy, we can put the molecular kinetic energy together with macroscopic Laws of thermodynamics must be expressible somehow in terms of these molecular Obviously, if the kinetic theory is correct, if heat is motion of molecules, the fundamental Semiquantitative analysis of the effects of molecular collisions (see later). Theory and his discovery of the velocity distribution.) Clausius was the first to attempt a (Actually, this work inspired Maxwell’s first investigations of kinetic Theory, publishing work as early as 1857, although unlike Maxwell he did not adoptĪll the molecules to have the same speed. Clausius had also made contributions to kinetic Thermodynamics (conservation of energy and that entropy never decreases) were profoundĪnd exact scientific truths, on a par with Newton’s laws of dynamics. To measure the “degree of irreversibility” of a process. Michael Fowler Searching for a Molecular Description of EntropyĬlausius introduced entropy as a new thermodynamic variable Previous index next Entropy and the Kinetic Theory: the Molecular Picture
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